Ausreichende Menge an Vitamin D ist für die Aufnahme von Kalzium und Phosphor im Darm erforderlich, ebenso verbessert Vitamin D die Immunität, unterstützt die Herz-Kreislauf-Funktion und beugt Stoffwechselstörungen vor.  Vitamin D bleibt ohne Wirkung bei Magnesiummangel. Eine Magnesiumergänzung fördert die Knochengesundheit und erhöht die Aktivität anderer lebenswichtiger Nährstoffe, einschließlich Kalzium und Vitamin D3. Medizinische Studien haben ergeben, dass fast 53% der Magnesiumreserven im Knochen die Knochenstärke und -funktion erhöhen.

Wichtige Aspekte der Magnesiumzusammensetzung in Knochengesundheitsprodukten umfassen die Beteiligung von Magnesium an einer anderen biochemischen Reaktion als Cofaktor, der verschiedene gesundheitliche Vorteile bietet. Darüber hinaus ist eine angemessene Menge an Magnesium für die Umwandlung von Vitamin D in eine Form erforderlich, die die Aufnahme von Kalzium und den Knochenstoffwechsel weiter verstärkt. Daher müssen die Perspektive „Synergie und Wechselwirkung“ gezielt für die Formulierung berücksichtigt werden.

The post Synergistische Effekte (Zusammenwirkung) appeared first on VITROREL.

Mikroverkapselung verbessert die Bioverfügbarkeit, indem der Wirkstoff auf Micellen-Niveau abgegeben wird, was eine höhere Absorptionsrate ermöglicht. Das Nettoergebnis ist eine höhere biologische Wirksamkeit durch eine bessere Aufnahme – was auch bedeutet, dass weniger von diesem Wirkstoff benötigt wird.Und da die Mikroverkapselung den Wirkstoff nicht nur umhüllt, sondern auch eine langsame Freisetzung ermöglicht, macht diese Technologie teure Aromastoffe oder andere Maskierungsmittel überflüssig und verhindert ungünstige Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Inhaltsstoffen.Schließlich ermöglicht die Mikroverkapselung durch den Schutz der Nährstoffe auf diese Weise, die Nährstoffwirksamkeit über längere Zeiträume aufrechtzuerhalten. Es ermöglicht Herstellern auch erstmals, bestimmte Nährstoffen mit den bekannten gesundheitlichen Vorteilen anderer labiler, instabiler bioaktiver Inhaltsstoffe zu kombinieren.

The post Mikroverkapselung und Bioverfügbarkeit appeared first on VITROREL.

Aber die Formulierung mit Zink über Zinkoxid ist nicht ohne Herausforderungen. Zinkoxid bietet im Vergleich zu anderen Nahrungsquellen eine geringe Bioverfügbarkeit und neigt auch zu antagonistischen Reaktionen mit anderen Nahrungsnährstoffen. Aus diesen Gründen verlassen sich Lebensmittelhersteller zunehmend auf die Mikroverkapselung, um die Bioverfügbarkeit zu erhöhen und gleichzeitig den metallischen Geschmack zu maskieren. Das ausgelaugte Zinkoxid trug zum metallischen Geschmack bei. Wechselwirkungen mit dem in der Formulierung enthaltenen Eisensulfat und Kupfersulfat sind auch oft für die Haltbarkeit bzw. Farbprobleme verantwortlich.

Wollen Sie die Wechselwirkungen von Zinkoxid vermeiden? Mit den hochwertigen Beschichtungs- und Mikroverkapselungstechnologien helfen wir, die Formulierungen mit Zink zu optimieren.

The post Zink: Überwindung von Zinkoxid in Vormischungen appeared first on VITROREL.

Neben Kalzium ist Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ein weiterer wichtiger Nährstoff für die Knochengesundheit. Unsere Rezeptur für die Knochengesundheit liefert die täglich empfohlene Vitamin D3-Supplementierung für die richtige Knochenentwicklung, Mineralisierung, Festigkeit und Vorbeugung verschiedener Knochenerkrankungen, einschließlich Frakturen, Rachitis usw.

Eine ausreichende Menge an Vitamin D ist für die Aufnahme von Kalzium und Phosphor im Darm erforderlich1Vitamin D verbessert ebenso bei Kindern die Immunität, unterstützt die Herz-Kreislauf-Funktion und beugt Stoffwechselstörungen vor. Medizinische Studien haben gezeigt, dass die Einnahme von 200 bis 1000 IE Vitamin D3 bei Jugendlichen die Knochenmineraldichte signifikant erhöht und zur Reduzierung von Stressfrakturen beiträgt. Es ist wichtig zu erwähnen, dass ein Vit-D-Mangel in der frühen Kindheit das Risiko von Skelettdeformitäten erhöht, einschließlich schwacher Knochen, brüchiger Knochen, Osteoporose, Frakturen und Osteomalazie.

The post Vitamin D kann bei einem Magnesiummangel nicht verstoffwechselt werden appeared first on VITROREL.

The large intestine consists of the two caudal bowels, the short rectum and the cloaca The length of the intestine depends on age, breed, and the type and amount of food. Its approximate length, measured from the pylorus to the cloaca, is 5 to 6 in the hen body length Characteristic of the poultry is the diameter of the intestine, it is about the same size from the pylorus to the cloaca and decreases only imperceptibly

The small intestine serves primarily for digestion. It is divided into duodenum, jejunum and Ileum. The terminal or large intestine, intestinal crassum, of birds is scarcely greater in its lumen, even thinner in the lumen than the small intestine. It consists of the two caudal bowels and the short rectum caeca are paired, their base is mostly a little bit narrower thick-walled, with an incomplete sphincter. In the base part of the cecum come the mucous membranes and in the apexwärtigen lymphoepithelial storage, Lymphonoduli aggregati, which are known as Tonsilla caealis

The post Anatomy of the Intestine in Poultry appeared first on VITROREL.

Tannins are mainly localized in the superficial wax layer of the plants, inside the cell they are in vacuoles and are delivered as extracellular excretion to the cell wall material; they are not necessarily for plant life required (HANS LAMBERS, 1993) They do not affect the metabolism of plants; only when the cells die off can the tannins exert metabolic effects.

The definition of tannin was first given by HASLAM in 1989: “Tannins are water soluble phenolic metabolic products of plants of molecular weight 500 and larger and with the ability to precipitate gelatin and other proteins”.

As there are other phenols that bind and precipitate the proteins (such as pyrogallol, resorcinol) and also phenols that have higher molecular weights and similar chemical structures like Tannins, but proteins can not precipitate (BATE-SMITH, 1973; STAFFORD and CHENG, 1980), HORVATH 1981 developed a broader definition: “that compound has sufficiently higher molecular weights and contains sufficient phenolic Hydroxyls and other appropriate groups (such as carboxy-carboxylates) make effective strong complexes with proteins and other macromolecular substances among the particular ecological Conditions to form “.

Tannins are usually divided into two groups:

1- Hydrolyzed Tannins (HT) (Tannic Acid):

It contains D-glucose as a central nucleus whose hydroxyl group, such as gallic acid or ellagic acid. Hydrolysed tannin, unlike condensed tannin, can be affected by the action of weak acid or base, enzymes (tannase) or hot water and produce carbohydrates and phenolic acid.

2- Condensed tannins (KT) (proanthocyanidins)

Condensed tannins are polymers of flavan-3-ol that are linked together by c-c Connect bonds.

KTs differ in their degree of polymerization: from dimer to polymers with hundreds of flavanol units. (mostly from 4 to 40) (WILLIAMS et al., 1983) The large condensed tannins have little nutritional significance, possibly due to their limited solubility. (MEHANSHO et al., 1987)

In strong mineral acid, the KTs depolymerize to anthocyanidin as a result of oxidation (not hydrolysis). KT is thus called due to its condensed structure; but also HT can go through a condensation process. The term KT is therefore not completely unique (JESS, 1995).

The post What is Tannin? appeared first on VITROREL.

Various methods have been developed to mitigate these negative effects: Addition of binders (tannin binder, polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP)), which have a strong affinity to bind tannins, resulted in significant positive effects. Treatment of Tannin Rich Sorghum (TRS) in wood ash extract improved the growth of poultry by reducing the tannin content. (KYARISIMA et al., 2004). In the ensiling of tannin rich Sorguhm it came to the reduction of tannin content and to increase the feasibility of the crude proteins. (YUNIOR, 2004)

Currently, the use of proline-rich protein has a particular importance as an essential measure against the unfavorable effects of tannin (SKOPEC et al., 2004).

The morphological and immunological changes, which can be caused by tannins on the epithelial cells in the small intestine, has not been studied enough. Several peculiarities of the intestinal epithelial cells make them unique: the Function of the epithelial cells of the small intestine exists not only in digestion and absorption of the Nutrients, but they also serve as antigen-precursor cells (APC): both cells MHC class I (WIMAN et al., 1978; GERD-RÜDIGER et al., 1998; WARREN, 1986; KAISERLIAN et al., 1989; MAYER and SHLIEN, 1987) as well as the MHC class II are expressed (SCOTT et al., 1980, BLAND, 1988) and they serve as antigen-precursor cells for T cells (DANIEL, 2004, KAISERLIAN, 1995). Further, the epithelial cells of the small intestine produced immunoregulatory cytokines that enhance the activity of professional antigen presenting cells (PAPC) (macrophages, dendritic cells and B lymphocytes) (DEEM et al., 1990; CIACCI et al., 1993; HIROSHI et al., 1996). In addition,

The intestinal epithelial cells can increase the activity of CD8 + T cells (BLAND and WARREN, 1986, MAYER and SHLIEN, 1987). The Transport of immunoglobulins IgA and IgG into the lumen of the intestine occurs exclusively by these cells (BRANDTZAEG, 1985): The transmembrane poly-Fc receptor (SC, secretory component) is located on the laminaproprial Surface of these cells, which act as receptors for IgA. (BRANDTZAEG, 1984; BRANDTZAEG and PRYDZ, 1974).  Damage to the epithelial cells could therefore be the greatly alter local and systemic immunological parameters; (Activation or inhibition of immune cells). The relationships between villi atrophy and Crypten hyperplasia with increased activity of lamina propria T lymphocytes were experimental proved. (MacDONALD and SPENCER, 1988; LIONETTI et al., 1993; LIONETTI et al., 1995).

The main objective of this work is to study the effects of tannin on the histological Structure of the intestinal wall, as well as on the mucosal immune system in the intestine in poultry

The post Tannins in Poultry Nutrition appeared first on VITROREL.

According to studies, creatine 101 should optimally improve exercise performance, power and muscle mass (Kreider RB). This high-quality product also makes a valuable contribution to prevention. With the regular use of creatine 101 to prevent certain neurological disorders or diseases such as dementia early (Matthews RT et al.) Creatine occurs as a pure substance in our muscle cells. It supports the performance of muscle tissue and supplies the existing muscle mass with energy, which the trainee needs in order to be able to lift a large weight in the first place (Thomas W Buford et al.) Creatine 101 is similar in composition to the amino acids, as the human body is fortunate enough to prepare creatine from the body’s own building blocks glycine and arginine. (Persky AM and Brazeau GA) About 95 percent of the body’s creatine benefits the muscles, another five percent are supplied to the brain, as well as the kidneys and the liver (Persky AM and Brazeau GA)

Advantages of Creatine 101 at a glance

• Creatine 101 can significantly increase performance during a workout. Furthermore, this well-tolerated substance contributes to building healthy muscles (Rawson ES et al., Terjung RL et al.)
• Regular intake of creatine 101 may increase workload and bring about improved cell signaling (Dangott B et al.)
• According to individual study reports, creatine generally stimulates the supplementation of the hormones IGF-1. (Deldicque L et al., C P Velloso)
• The water content in the muscles is well stimulated by the intake of creatine products (positive effect: cell volumization, important for healthy muscle growth). (Schoenfeld BJ)
• Creatine 101 reduces muscle loss in a gentle way. (Parise G et al.)
• Last but not least, creatine 101 helps to keep myostatin levels as low as possible and can thus successfully counteract an unwanted slowdown in muscle growth due to excessive myostatin levels. (Saremi A et al.)

You want to support your performance as well as your muscle growth extensively? In our rich assortment you can expect:

• Products containing the amino acid “beta-alanine” (increases dipeptide L-carnosine in the body, mainly in the nervous and muscle tissues)
• Our products contain branched-chain amino acids
• HMB or β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid (which is a metabolite of the essential amino acid L-leucine)

The post Creatine 101: More than just a simple dietary supplement? appeared first on VITROREL.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of the polyphenol epigallocatechin‑3‑gallate (EGCG) on migration capacity using in vitro-agarose spot assay and microRNAs profiling in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, HeLa, and HEK-293 cell lines. The migration capacity of cells was significantly reduced. Immunfluorescencestaining showed no effect of EGCG on phospho-Profilin. EGCG upregulated hsa-miR-200a, hsa-miR-146a in MDA-MB-231 without effects on microRNA-124 or its targetgen (alpha –actinin-4) The inhibitory effect of cell migration by treatments with EGCG could not be attributed to lower regulation of EGFR or CD29. These results indicate that EGCG inhibits the migration of breast cancer cells further investigation is needed.

The post Epigallocatechin Gallate represses Migration and Invasion in Breast Cancer Cells appeared first on VITROREL.

Hydrolyzed Tannins (HT) may be degraded by esterase to gallic acid, which is absorbed through the small intestinal mucosa and can cause toxic effects in the liver. In addition to these effects, tannin-protein interactions are also described, although they depend on the structure of the two reaction partners: proteins that have a high affinity to tannins are characterized by large molecular weights, open and flexible structures and are rich in proline. (HAGERMAN and BUTLER, 1981).

The interaction between tannins and proteins and the role of proteins in this interaction led to the discovery of proline-rich proteins: the fungus Coletotrichum graminicola produces its spores in water-soluble Muccus, which contains proline-rich glycoproteins and has a high affinity for condensed tannin. In the absence of these glycoproteins, germination of these spores is severely inhibited by phenolic compounds, including tannins. (MEHANSHO et al., 1987)

Carbohydrate-tannin interactions occur via hydrogen bonds  or are based on hydrophobic bonds: polysaccharides have the ability to form hydrophobic cavities; these allow complexes with tannin and other lipophilic molecules. Since carbohydrates are usually highly soluble, carbohydrate-tannin interactions are rare. They only go through low solubility, higher molecular weight and conformative flexibility carbohydrates.

The post The Mechanism of Tannin appeared first on VITROREL.